Digital Justice: A Study and Action Guide
Worried about online hate speech and trolling, about fake news and social media causing real-world problems? Committed to ecological and social justice but not sure how this relates to anything digital? Looking to use digital technologies to build community and work for justice?
This compact, accessible guide unpacks a number of key digital justice issues and looks at how digital communication impacts marginalized peoples and groups. Case studies, facts and figures, discussion questions, and suggested readings offer tools for reflection and action.
For use by individuals or groups, the Study and Action Guide includes chapters on:
- the digital divide
- access to digital spaces
- weaponization of digital resources
- surveillance, censorship, and privacy
- digitality and marginalized peoples
52 pages. Co-published by WACC and the World Council of Churches. November 2022.
Available in English, French, and Spanish (PDF).
Resource List
Below is a listing of resources that appear in Digital Justice: A Study and Action Guide, along with some additional sources that may be useful for further reflections on digital justice.
General
Communication for Social Justice in a Digital Age. Manifesto from the WACC/WCC-sponsored symposium, 2021. https://www.oikoumene.org/resources/documents/manifesto-of-the-symposium-communication-for-social-justice-in-a-digital-age
Digital Justice Manifesto: A Call to Own Our Digital Future. Bangalore: Just Net Coalition, November 2019. https://justnetcoalition.org/digital-justice-manifesto
The Great Transformation: A Field Guide for the Next Economy. Future Crunch, n.d. https://futurecrun.ch/the-great-transformation-ebook
“Impacts of Digital Transformation on Communities and Societies.” Ellen Ueberschär. Media Development, 1/2022. https://waccglobal.org/impacts-of-digital-transformation-on-communities-and-societies/
International Symposium on Communication for Social Justice in a Digital Age. 13–15 September 2021. https://www.oikoumene.org/events/digital-symposium
A New Communications Paper for the 21st Century. Geneva: WCC Publications, 2022. https://www.oikoumene.org/resources/documents/a-new-communications-paper-for-the-21st-century-a-vision-of-digital-justice
“The 9 Principles to Promote Social Justice in the Digital Age.” WACC Global, 3 June 2022. Video, 2:13. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K-jK5Cdb39w&t=1s
“Our Digital Ecology.” Dean Dettloff. Media Development, 1/2017. https://waccglobal.org/our-digital-ecology/
Revisiting MacBride: Communicative Justice Today. Media Development, 2/2021. https://new.waccglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/3-2019.MDfinal.pdf
“Towards a Vision of Digital Justice.” Joint campaign of the WCC and WACC, 2022. https://waccglobal.org/resources/digital-justice/digital-justice-campaign/
Wanted SDG 18. Media Development, 2/2019. https://waccglobal.org/media-development-2019-2-online-magazine-and-pdf/
“Chapter 1: Digital Divides in a Global Society”
Communication Rights . . . Joining Up the Dots. Media Development, 1/2016. https://waccglobal.org/media-development-2016-1-pdfs/
“Democratizing the Public Sphere.” Philip Lee. Media Development, 2 August 2021. https://waccglobal.org/democratizing-the-public-sphere/
Democratizing the Public Sphere. Media Development, 3/2021. https://waccglobal.org/media-development-2021-3-articles/
“Digital Media and Divide in Ethiopia.” Tedla Desta. Media Development, 2/2019. https://new.waccglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2-2019.MD_.final1_.pdf
“The Public Service Media and Public Service Internet Manifesto.” International Association for Media and Communication Research, 1 July 2021. https://ia902206.us.archive.org/5/items/psmi_20220127/psmi.pdf
“Sexism and the Digital Divide.” WACC Global, 28 June 2022. Video, 3:26. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DLzWUaoFn5U
The Spirit of Truth in a Digital Age. Ecumenical Review 72, no. 2 (April 2020).
“Chapter 2: Accessing Digital Resources”
Claiming and Reclaiming the Digital World as a Public Space: Experiences and Insights from Feminists in the Middle East and North Africa. Oxfam International, November 2020. https://www.oikoumene.org/sites/default/files/2021-09/Claiming-and-Reclaiming-the-Digital-World%282020%29.pdf
Democratizing the Public Sphere. Media Development, 3/2021. https://waccglobal.org/media-development-2021-3-articles/
Expanding Public Communication Spaces. Media Development, 3/2020. https://waccglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/3-2020.MD_.final_-2.pdf
Expanding Shrinking Communication Spaces. Philip Lee and Lorenzo Vargas, eds. Toronto: The Centre for Communication Rights, 2020. https://ccrvoices.org/product/expanding-communication/
In What Ways Has the Digital Era Changed the Notion of Public Space? WACC Working Group on Public Space, September 2021.
https://waccglobal.org/in-what-ways-has-the-digital-era-changed-the-notion-of-public-space/
“Participatory Video for Citizen Mobilisation in South Africa.” Tamara Plush. Media Development, 3/2015. https://waccglobal.org/participatory-video-for-citizen-mobilisation-in-south-africa/
Presentation on Public Space at the Symposium on Communication for Social Justice in a Digital Age. Goran Buldioski, Director, Open Society Foundation, Berlin. Video, 35:10. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TNBslzzv15g&list=PLI22eVXX9FYnEizXITs38LwoJbfmD2Xmv&t=1335s
“Chapter 3: Weaponization of Digital Resources”
Breaking Down the Social Media Divides: A Guide for Individuals and Communities to Address Hate Online. WACC Europe, 2020. http://www.wacceurope.org/projects/social-media-divide/
“Counterspeech DOs and DON’Ts.” CounterspeechTips.org. Dangerous Speech Project, 3 October 2017. https://dangerousspeech.org/counterspeech-tips/
Double Standards in Social Media Content Moderation. Angel Diaz and Laura Hecht-Felella. Brennan Center for Justice at New York University School of Law, 4 August 2021. https://www.oikoumene.org/sites/default/files/2021-09/Double-Standards-in-Content-Moderation%282021%29.pdf
“How to Spot Fake News.” Eugene Kiely and Lori Robertson. FactCheck.org, 18 November 2016. https://www.factcheck.org/2016/11/how-to-spot-fake-news/
“Simple Steps to Help Break Down Our Social Media Divides.” WACC Global, 6 October 2020. Video, 0:42. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=94BqIYDb11k&t=2s
Sticking to the Facts, Building Trust: Our Cure for Disinformation. Fondation Hirondelle, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2021. https://www.oikoumene.org/sites/default/files/2021-09/Sticking-to-the-facts-Building%20trust.pdf
“Chapter 4: Surveillance, Censorship, and Privacy”
“The Enemy on Your Wrist.” WACC Global, 6 July 2020. https://waccglobal.org/the-enemy-on-your-wrist/
“Internet Safety Checklist.” Cleveland (Tennessee) Metropolitan School District, n.d. https://www.clevelandmetroschools.org/cms/lib/OH01915844/Centricity/Domain/6323/INTERNET%20SAFETY%20CHECK%20LIST.pdf
The Social Dilemma. Docudrama. Jeff Orlowski, director. Jeff Orlowski, Davis Coombe, and Vickie Curtis, writers. Exposure Labs, 2020. https://www.thesocialdilemma.com/
Chapter 5: Digitality and Marginalized People
Delivering Together for Inclusive Development: Digital Access to Information and Knowledge for Persons with Disabilities. Alireza Darvishy, Deniz Eröcal, and Juliet Manning. UNESCO, 2019. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000369088
Enabling People’s Voices to Be Heard. Media Development, 3/2015. https://waccglobal.org/media-development-2015-3-pdfs/
Engaging with the Digital. Media Development, 4/2018. https://new.waccglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/4-2018.final_.pdf
Impact of New Technologies on Human Rights. 22nd EU-NGO Human Rights Forum, Final Report, December 2020.
https://www.oikoumene.org/sites/default/files/2021-09/Impact-of-New-Technologies-on-Human-Rights%282020%29.pdf
Rethink IT Campaign. Greenpeace Media, 11 August 2016. https://media.greenpeace.org/collection/27MZIFJJT1MBE
Who Makes the News? Global Media Monitoring Project. GMMP 2020–2021 Final Report. (See the “Highlights” section for a summary of findings.) https://whomakesthenews.org/gmmp-2020-final-reports/
Recursos
La Asociación Mundial para la Comunicación Cristiana lleva décadas de trabajo dedicado a los derechos de la comunicación, siguiendo los temas de justicia digital a medida que van surgiendo. La WACC ha publicado extensamente sobre justicia digital a través de sus propios recursos y en colaboración con socios.
El Consejo Mundial de Iglesias contribuye al diálogo ecuménico internacional sobre justicia digital a través de numerosas publicaciones y recursos.
La siguiente lista enumera los recursos que aparecen en esta guía, junto con algunas fuentes adicionales que pueden resultar útiles para ulteriores reflexiones sobre la justicia digital. Los títulos han sido traducidos de manera no oficial para facilitar el acceso a personas que no hablan inglés.
General
Un nuevo documento de comunicación para el siglo XXI: Una visión de la justicia digital
Comunicación para la justicia social en la era digital
Comunicación para la justicia social en la era digital (Recursos de la WACC, Simposio del CMI 2021)
Digital Justice Manifesto: A Call to Own Our Digital Future (Manifiesto por la Justicia Digital: Un llamamiento a adueñarnos de nuestro futuro digital)
The Great Transformation: A Field Guide for the Next Economy La Gran Transformación: Una guía de campo para la próxima economía
Impacts of digital transformation on communities and Societies Impactos de la transformación digital en las comunidades y las sociedades (Ellen Ueberschär, Desarrollo de los medios de comunicación)
The 9 Principles to Promote Social Justice in the Digital Age Los 9 principios para promover la justicia social en la era digital (vídeo)
Our digital ecology Nuestra ecología digital (Dean Dettloff, Dean Dettloff, Media Development)
Revisiting MacBride: Communicative Justice Today Reexaminando a MacBride: La justicia comunicativa hoy.
Towards a Vision of Digital Justice Hacia una visión de la justicia digital
Capítulo 1. Las brechas digitales en una sociedad global
Communication Rights . . . Joining Up the Dots Derechos de comunicación . . . Unir las ideas
Democratizing the public sphere (Philip Lee, Desarrollo de los medios de comunicación)
Digital media and divide in Ethiopia Medios digitales y división en Etiopía (Tedla Desta, Media Development)
Public Service Media and Public Service Internet Manifesto Manifiesto sobre los medios de comunicación de servicio público e Internet de servicio público
Sexism and the Digital Divide Sexismo y brecha digital (vídeo)
The Spirit of Truth in a Digital Age (El espíritu de la verdad en la era digital) (The Ecumenical Review 72, no. 2 [Abril 2020])
Capítulo 2. Acceso a los recursos digitales
Claiming and Reclaiming the Digital World as a Public Space: Reclamar y reivindicar el mundo digital como espacio público) Experiencias y reflexiones de feministas de Oriente Medio y el Norte de África
Democratizing the public sphere Democratizar la esfera pública
Expanding Shrinking Communication Spaces Ampliar los espacios públicos de comunicación
In What Ways Has the Digital Era Changed the Notion of Public Space? ¿De qué manera ha cambiado la era digital la noción de espacio público?
Participatory video for citizen mobilisation in South Africa Vídeo participativo para la movilización ciudadana en Sudáfrica (Tamara Plush, Desarrollo de los medios de comunicación)
Presentación de Goran Buldioski en el Simposio sobre Comunicación para la Justicia Social en la Era Digital (vídeo)
Capítulo 3. Armamentismo de los recursos digitales
Breaking Down the Social Media Divides: A Guide for Individuals and Communities to Address Hate Online Derribar las divisiones en los medios sociales: Guía para que individuos y comunidades hagan frente al odio en Internet
Counterspeech DOs and DON’Ts Lo que se debe y no se debe hacer para contrarrestar el discurso
Double Standards in Social Media Content Moderation Doble rasero en la moderación de contenidos en las redes sociales
How to Spot Fake NewsCómo detectar noticias falsas
Simple steps to break down our social media divides Pasos sencillos para acabar con las divisiones en las redes sociales
Sticking to the Facts, Building Trust: Our Cure for Disinformation Fiarse solo de los hechos y generar confianza: Nuestra cura contra la desinformación
Capítulo 4. Vigilancia, censura y privacidad
The enemy on your wrist El enemigo en tu muñeca
Internet Safety Checklist Lista de control de la seguridad en Internet (Distrito escolar metropolitano de Cleveland [Tennessee])
The Social Dilemma El dilema social (Documental)
Capítulo 5. Digitalidad y pueblos marginados
Delivering Together for Inclusive Development: Digital Access to Information and Knowledge for Persons with Disabilities Juntos por un desarrollo inclusivo: Acceso digital de las personas con discapacidad a la información y el conocimiento
Enabling People’s Voices to Be Heard Hacer oír la voz de las personas
Engaging with the Digital Comprometerse con lo digital
Impact of New Technologies on Human Rights Impacto de las nuevas tecnologías en los derechos humanos
Who Makes the News?: Global Media Monitoring Project ¿Quién hace las noticias? Global Media Monitoring Project (Véase la sección “Aspectos destacados” para un resumen de las conclusiones).
Ressources
L’Association mondiale pour la communication chrétienne se consacre à la défense des droits à la communication depuis des décennies, suivant les différentes problématiques liées à la justice numérique au fur et à mesure de leur survenue. La WACC a beaucoup publié sur la justice numérique par l’intermédiaire de ses propres ressources ou en collaboration avec ses partenaires.
Le Conseil œcuménique des Églises contribue au dialogue œcuménique international au sujet de la justice numérique par l’intermédiaire de nombreuses publications et ressources.
Vous trouverez ci-dessous une liste des ressources qui figurent dans ce guide ainsi que des ressources supplémentaires qui pourront être utiles dans l’approfondissement de votre réflexion sur la justice numérique.
Générales
Un nouveau document de communication pour le 21e siècle : Une vision de la justice numérique
La communication en faveur de la justice sociale à l’ère du numérique
Digital Justice Manifesto: A Call to Own Our Digital Future (« Manifeste pour la justice numérique : appel à nous approprier notre avenir numérique »)
The Great Transformation: A Field Guide for the Next Economy (« La grande transformation : guide de terrain pour la prochaine économie »)
Impacts of digital transformation on communities and Societies (« Les impacts de la transformation numérique sur les communautés et les sociétés », Ellen Ueberschär, Media Development)
The 9 Principles to Promote Social Justice in the Digital Age (« Les 9 principes pour promouvoir la justice sociale à l’ère numérique », vidéo)
Our digital ecology (« Notre écologie numérique », Dean Dettloff, Media Development)
Revisiting MacBride: Communicative Justice Today (« Revisiter MacBride : la justice de la communication aujourd’hui »)
Towards a Vision of Digital Justice (« Vers une vision de la justice numérique »)
Wanted SDG 18 (« Wanted : ODD 18 »)
Chapitre 1. Les fractures numériques dans une société mondiale
Communication Rights . . . Joining Up the Dots (« Les droits à la communication… relier les points »)
Democratizing the public sphere (« Démocratiser la sphère publique », Philip Lee, Media Development)
Digital media and divide in Ethiopia (« Médias et fracture numériques », Tedla Desta, Media Development)
Public Service Media and Public Service Internet Manifesto (« Manifeste pour les médias et Internet du service public »)
Sexism and the Digital Divide (« Le sexisme et la fracture numérique, vidéo)
The Spirit of Truth in a Digital Age (« L’esprit de la vérité à l’ère numérique ») (The Ecumenical Review 72, n° 2 [avril 2020])
Chapitre 2. L’accès aux ressources numériques
Claiming and Reclaiming the Digital World as a Public Space: Experiences and Insights from Feminists in the Middle East and North Africa (« Revendiquer, et se réapproprier, l’univers numérique en tant qu’espace public : expériences et perspectives des féministes du Moyen-Orient et d’Afrique du Nord »)
Democratizing the public sphere (« Démocratiser la sphère publique)
Expanding Public Communication Spaces (« Élargir les espaces de communication publics »)
Expanding Shrinking Communication Spaces (« Élargir les espaces de communication en déclin »)
In What Ways Has the Digital Era Changed the Notion of Public Space? (« Comment l’ère numérique a-t-elle fait évoluer la notion d’espace public ? »)
Participatory video for citizen mobilisation in South Africa (« Vidéo participative pour la mobilisation citoyenne en Afrique du Sud », Tamara Plush, Media Development)
Présentation de Goran Buldioski lors du symposium sur la communication pour la justice sociale à l’ère numérique (vidéo)
Chapitre 3. La transformation des ressources numériques en armes
Breaking Down the Social Media Divides: A Guide for Individuals and Communities to Address Hate Online (« Éliminer les fractures sur les réseaux sociaux : guide pour aider les personnes et les communautés à lutter contre la haine en ligne »)
Counterspeech DOs and DON’Ts (« Les choses à faire et à ne pas faire pour le contre-discours »)
Double Standards in Social Media Content Moderation (« Deux poids, deux mesures dans la modération du contenu sur les réseaux sociaux »)
How to Spot Fake News (« Comment repérer les fake news »)
Simple steps to break down our social media divides (« Étapes simples pour combler les fractures sur les réseaux sociaux »)
Sticking to the Facts, Building Trust: Our Cure for Disinformation (« S’en tenir aux faits, développer la confiance : notre recette pour lutter contre la désinformation »)
Chapitre 4. Surveillance, censure et respect de la vie privée
The enemy on your wrist (« L’ennemi à votre poignet »)
Internet Safety Checklist (« Liste pour vérifier la sécurité d’internet », Cleveland [Tennessee] Metro School District)
The Social Dilemma (« Le dilemme social », documentaire)
Chapitre 5. Le monde numérique et les personnes marginalisées
Delivering Together for Inclusive Development: Digital Access to Information and Knowledge for Persons with Disabilities (UNESCO)
Enabling People’s Voices to Be Heard (« Faire entendre toutes les voix »)
Engaging with the Digital (« S’investir dans le numérique »)
Impact of New Technologies on Human Rights (« L’impact des nouvelles technologies sur les droits humains »)
RethinkIt Campaign (« La campagne « RethinkIt »)
Who Makes the News?: Global Media Monitoring Project (projet mondial de monitorage des médias) (voir la section « Highlights » pour consulter les principales constatations, disponibles en français.)